Common Wealth


The long history of people pooling money together

Reading notes on mutual finance

Vocabulary

A glossary of pooled money

The same words carry different meanings in different traditions. These are the senses used across this site.

Advance
In a building society, the sum paid to a member to buy or build a house, repaid alongside the continuing subscription.
Arrears
Subscriptions due and unpaid. Rule books define how long arrears may run before benefit is suspended and before membership lapses.
Benefit scale
A written schedule setting how much is paid, for how long, and at what reducing rates, so that individual claims need not be argued case by case.
Box club
A small local fund keeping its money in a locked chest, usually paying sickness and funeral benefit to a membership drawn from one trade or one neighbourhood.
Call
A demand on members for a contribution after a loss has occurred, as distinct from a premium collected before it.
Common bond
The defined connection — place, trade, employer, congregation — that determines who may join a cooperative credit society, and which supplies the information the society lends on.
Dividend on purchases
A cooperative store's surplus returned to members in proportion to what each spent, rather than to capital held.
Indivisible reserve
A fund's accumulated surplus that members cannot distribute among themselves, held permanently as the society's own capital.
Mutual
An organisation owned by the people who use it, so that surplus returns to members rather than to separate shareholders.
Permanent society
A building society with no fixed end date, accepting savings from members who are not borrowers, and therefore requiring reserves.
Rotating savings circle
A fixed group contributing a fixed amount each round, the whole pot going to one member per round until every member has received once.
Rule book
The society's constitution: purpose, subscription, benefits, officers, penalties and the procedure for winding up.
Share-out
The distribution of a club's entire fund among its members at an agreed date, after which the club begins again from nothing.
Subscription
The fixed periodic payment that maintains membership and entitlement. Not a deposit and, in most societies, not refundable.
Surety
A member who undertakes to pay if another member does not, and who therefore has a direct reason to watch how that member is faring.
Terminating society
A building society formed to house a fixed group of members and to dissolve once the last of them has been advanced.
Valuation
A periodic comparison of the present value of a fund's promises with the present value of its expected income, which is how a fund discovers whether its subscription is enough.